Gukora ibibazo no gusana kuri PCBs birashobora kongera igihe cyumuzunguruko.Niba PCB idahwitse ihuye mugihe cyo guterana kwa PCB, inama ya PCB irashobora gusanwa hashingiwe kumiterere yimikorere mibi.Hano hari uburyo bumwe bwo gukemura no gusana PCBs.
1. Nigute ushobora gukora ubuziranenge kuri PCB mugihe cyo gukora?
Mubisanzwe, inganda za PCB zifite ibikoresho byihariye nibikorwa byingenzi bifasha kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa PCB mubikorwa byose.
1.1.Kugenzura AOI
Igenzura rya AOI rihita risikana ibice byabuze, gusimbuza ibice, nizindi nenge kuri PCB.Ibikoresho bya AOI bifata kamera kugirango ifate amashusho menshi ya PCB ikayagereranya nibibaho.Iyo bidahuye, birashobora kwerekana amakosa ashoboka.
1.2.Kugerageza Kugerageza
Ikigeragezo kiguruka gikoreshwa mukumenya imiyoboro migufi kandi ifunguye, ibice bitari byo (diode na transistors), hamwe nubusembwa mukurinda diode.Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusana PCB burashobora gukoreshwa mugukosora ikabutura namakosa yibigize.
1.3.Ikizamini cya FCT
FCT (Ikizamini Cyimikorere) yibanda cyane cyane kubizamini bya PCBs.Ibipimo byo kwipimisha mubisanzwe bitangwa naba injeniyeri kandi birashobora gushiramo ibizamini byoroshye.Rimwe na rimwe, porogaramu yihariye na protocole isobanutse irashobora gukenerwa.Igeragezwa ryimikorere risuzuma mu buryo butaziguye imikorere ya PCB mubihe nyabyo by ibidukikije.
2. Impamvu zisanzwe zitera PCB
Gusobanukirwa ibitera PCB kunanirwa birashobora kugufasha kumenya vuba amakosa ya PCB.Hano hari amakosa akunze kugaragara:
Kunanirwa kw'ibigize: Gusimbuza ibice bifite inenge birashobora gutuma uruziga rukora neza.
Ubushyuhe bukabije: Hatabayeho gucunga neza ubushyuhe, ibice bimwe bishobora gutwikwa.
Kwangirika kumubiri: Ibi ahanini biterwa no gufata nabi,
biganisha ku gucamo ibice, guhuza abagurisha, kugurisha masike ibice, ibimenyetso, na padi.
Kwanduza: Niba PCB ihuye nikibazo kibi, ibimenyetso nibindi bikoresho byumuringa birashobora kwangirika.
3. Nigute ushobora gukemura amakosa ya PCB?
Urutonde rukurikira nuburyo 8:
3-1.Sobanukirwa n'ibishushanyo mbonera
Hariho ibice byinshi kuri PCB, bihujwe binyuze mumuringa.Harimo gutanga amashanyarazi, ubutaka, nibimenyetso bitandukanye.Byongeye kandi, hariho imirongo myinshi, nka filteri, ubushobozi bwa decoupling capacator, na inductors.Gusobanukirwa nibyingenzi mugusana PCB.
Kumenya gukurikirana inzira igezweho no gutandukanya ibice bitari byiza bishingiye ku gusobanukirwa ibizunguruka.Niba igishushanyo kitaboneka, birashobora kuba ngombwa guhindura injeniyeri igishushanyo gishingiye kumiterere ya PCB.
3-2.Kugenzura Amashusho
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, gushyuha ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zitera amakosa ya PCB.Ibintu byose byahiye, ibimenyetso, cyangwa kugurisha bishobora kumenyekana byoroshye mugihe nta mbaraga zinjiza.Ingero zimwe zinenge zirimo:
- Kuzunguruka / guhuzagurika / kubura ibice
- Ibara ryahinduwe
- Kugurisha ubukonje
- Ugurisha cyane
- Ibigize imva
- Kuzamura / kubura padi
- Gucika kuri PCB
Ibi byose birashobora kugaragara hifashishijwe igenzura.
3-3.Gereranya na PCB imwe
Niba ufite indi PCB imwe imwe ikora neza nindi ikosa, biroroshye cyane.Urashobora kugereranya muburyo bugaragara ibice, kudahuza, hamwe nubusembwa mumirongo cyangwa vias.Byongeye kandi, urashobora gukoresha multimeter kugirango ugenzure ibyinjira nibisohoka mubibaho byombi.Indangagaciro nkizo zigomba kuboneka kuva PCB zombi zisa.
3-4.Gutandukanya Ibigize amakosa
Iyo igenzura ryerekanwa ridahagije, urashobora kwishingikiriza kubikoresho nka multimeter cyangwa metero LCR.Gerageza buri kintu kugiti cyawe ukurikije urupapuro rwerekana ibisabwa.Ingero zirimo abarwanya, ubushobozi, inductors, diode, transistors, na LED.
Kurugero, urashobora gukoresha igenamiterere rya diode kuri multimeter kugirango ugenzure diode na transistors.Ihuriro-ryegeranya hamwe-shingiro-emitter ihuza ikora nka diode.Kubishushanyo mbonera byumuzunguruko byoroshye, urashobora kugenzura imiyoboro ifunguye kandi ngufi mumihuza yose.Shiraho gusa metero yo guhangana cyangwa gukomeza kandi ukomeze kugerageza buri sano.
Mugihe ukora cheque, niba ibyasomwe biri mubisobanuro, ibice bifatwa nkibikora neza.Niba ibyasomwe bidasanzwe cyangwa birenze ibyo byari byitezwe, hashobora kubaho ibibazo nibigize cyangwa abagurisha.Gusobanukirwa ingufu ziteganijwe kumwanya wibizamini birashobora gufasha mubisesengura ryumuzunguruko.
Ubundi buryo bwo gusuzuma ibice ni kubisesengura nodal.Ubu buryo bukubiyemo gukoresha voltage mubice byatoranijwe mugihe bidatanga ingufu zumuzingi wose no gupima ibisubizo bya voltage (V-igisubizo).Menya impande zose hanyuma uhitemo ibisobanuro bihujwe nibice byingenzi cyangwa amasoko yimbaraga.Koresha amategeko ya Kirchhoff (KCL) kugirango ubare voltage itazwi (variable) hanyuma urebe niba izo ndangagaciro zihuye niziteganijwe.Niba hari ibibazo byagaragaye kuri node runaka, byerekana amakosa kuri iyo node.
3-5.Kugerageza Imirongo Yuzuye
Kugerageza imiyoboro ihuriweho irashobora kuba umurimo wingenzi bitewe nuburyo bugoye.Dore ibizamini bimwe bishobora gukorwa:
- Menya ibimenyetso byose hanyuma ugerageze IC ukoresheje analyse ya logique cyangwa oscilloscope.
- Reba niba IC yerekanwe neza.
- Menya neza ko ingingo zose zigurisha zahujwe na IC zimeze neza.
- Suzuma imiterere yubushyuhe ubwo aribwo bwose cyangwa amashyuza yumuriro uhujwe na IC kugirango umenye neza ubushyuhe.
3-6.Kugerageza Amashanyarazi
Kugirango ukemure ibibazo byo gutanga amashanyarazi, birakenewe gupima ingufu za gari ya moshi.Ibisomwa kuri voltmeter birashobora kwerekana ibyinjijwe nibisohoka indangagaciro.Impinduka muri voltage irashobora kwerekana ibibazo byumuzunguruko.Kurugero, gusoma 0V kuri gari ya moshi birashobora kwerekana uruziga rugufi mumashanyarazi, biganisha kubushyuhe bukabije.Mugukora ibizamini byuburinganire bwimbaraga no kugereranya indangagaciro ziteganijwe kubipimo bifatika, amashanyarazi afite ibibazo arashobora kwigunga.
3-7.Kumenya Ahantu Hasi
Mugihe inenge ziboneka zidashobora kuboneka, ubugenzuzi bwumubiri binyuze mumashanyarazi burashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma uruziga.Guhuza nabi birashobora kubyara ubushyuhe, bushobora kumvikana mugushira ikiganza kurubaho.Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha kamera yerekana amashusho yumuriro, ikunze gukundwa kumashanyarazi make.Hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikenewe z'umutekano kugirango wirinde impanuka z'amashanyarazi.
Uburyo bumwe nukwemeza ko ukoresha ikiganza kimwe gusa mugupima.Niba hagaragaye ahantu hashyushye, hagomba gukonjeshwa, hanyuma ingingo zose zihuza zigomba kugenzurwa kugirango hamenyekane aho ikibazo kiri.
3-8.Gukemura ibibazo hamwe nubuhanga bwibimenyetso
Kugira ngo ukoreshe ubu buhanga, ni ngombwa kugira gusobanukirwa indangagaciro ziteganijwe hamwe nuburyo bwo guhinduka kumanota y'ibizamini.Igeragezwa rya voltage rirashobora gukorerwa ahantu hatandukanye ukoresheje multimeter, oscilloscope, cyangwa igikoresho icyo aricyo cyose cyo gufata imashini.Gusesengura ibisubizo birashobora gufasha mukwitandukanya amakosa.
4. Ibikoresho bikenewe mu gusana PCB
Mbere yo gusana ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, ni ngombwa gukusanya ibikoresho nkenerwa by'akazi, nk'uko bivugwa ngo: 'Icyuma kitavunitse ntikizatema inkwi.'
Imbonerahamwe ikora ifite ibikoresho bya ESD, amashanyarazi, n'amatara ni ngombwa.
● Kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwumuriro, ubushyuhe bwa infragre cyangwa preheater birashobora gusabwa gushyushya ikibaho.
System Sisitemu yo gucukura neza irakenewe mugutobora no gufungura umwobo mugihe cyo gusana.Sisitemu yemerera kugenzura diameter nuburebure bwibibanza.
Iron Icyuma cyiza cyo kugurisha kirakenewe mugucuruza kugirango habeho guhuza neza.
● Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi nayo arashobora gukenerwa.
● Niba igicuruzwa cyagurishijwe cyangiritse, kizakenera gusanwa.Mubihe nkibi, epoxy resin layer irakenewe.
5. Kwirinda umutekano mugihe cyo gusana PCB
Ni ngombwa gufata ingamba zo gukumira kwirinda impanuka z'umutekano mugihe cyo gusana.
Equipment Ibikoresho byo gukingira: Iyo uhuye nubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa imbaraga nyinshi, kwambara ibikoresho birinda ni ngombwa.Ibirahuri byumutekano hamwe na gants bigomba kwambarwa mugihe cyo kugurisha no gucukura, kugirango birinde ingaruka ziterwa n’imiti.
Kwambara uturindantoki mugihe usana PCB.
● Gusohora amashanyarazi (ESD): Kugira ngo wirinde ihungabana ry’amashanyarazi ryatewe na ESD, menya neza ko uzimya isoko y’amashanyarazi kandi ugasohora amashanyarazi asigaye.Urashobora kandi kwambara amaboko yintoki cyangwa gukoresha matel anti-static kugirango urusheho kugabanya ingaruka za ESD.
6. Nigute ushobora gusana PCB?
Amakosa asanzwe muri PCB akenshi arimo inenge mumirongo, ibice, hamwe nudupapuro twagurishijwe.
6-1.Gusana ibimenyetso byangiritse
Kugirango usane ibimenyetso byacitse cyangwa byangiritse kuri PCB, koresha ikintu gityaye kugirango ugaragaze ubuso bwubuso bwumwimerere hanyuma ukureho mask yagurishije.Sukura hejuru yumuringa ukoresheje umusemburo kugirango ukureho imyanda iyo ari yo yose, ifashe kugera kumashanyarazi meza.
Ubundi, urashobora kugurisha insinga zo gusimbuka kugirango usane ibimenyetso.Menya neza ko diameter ya wire ihuye nubugari bwumurongo kugirango ikorwe neza.
6-2.Gusimbuza Ibigize amakosa
Gusimbuza ibice byangiritse
Kugira ngo ukureho ibice bidakwiriye cyangwa uwagurishije birenze urugero kubigurisha, birakenewe gushonga uwagurishije, ariko hagomba kwitonderwa kugirango wirinde kubyara ubushyuhe bwumuriro kubutaka bukikije.Kurikiza intambwe zikurikira kugirango usimbuze ibice mumuzunguruko:
Shyushya ingingo zigurisha vuba ukoresheje icyuma cyo kugurisha cyangwa igikoresho cya desoldering.
● Umugurisha amaze gushonga, koresha pompe ya desoldering kugirango ukureho amazi.
● Nyuma yo gukuraho amahuza yose, ibice bizatandukana.
Ibikurikira, kusanya ibice bishya hanyuma ubigurishe mu mwanya.
Gerageza uburebure burenze bwibigize biganisha ukoresheje insinga.
● Menya neza ko itumanaho ryahujwe ukurikije polarite isabwa.
6-3.Gusana Amashanyarazi Yangiritse
Igihe kigenda, abagurisha kuri PCB barashobora guterura, kubora, cyangwa kumeneka.Dore uburyo bwo gusana ibicuruzwa byangiritse:
Kuzamura ibicuruzwa: Sukura ahantu hamwe n'umuti ukoresheje ipamba.Kugirango uhambire padi mu mwanya, shyira epoxy resin ikora kuri padiri uyigurisha hanyuma ukande hasi, kugirango epoxy resin ikire mbere yo gukomeza inzira yo kugurisha.
Amashanyarazi yangiritse cyangwa yanduye: Kuraho cyangwa guca icyuma cyagurishijwe cyangiritse, ugaragaze ibimenyetso bifitanye isano ukuraho mask yagurishijwe hafi ya padi.Sukura ahantu hamwe n'umuti ukoresheje ipamba.Kuri paje nshya yo kugurisha (ihujwe na tronc), shyira kumurongo wa epoxy resin ikora hanyuma uyirindire mumwanya.Ibikurikira, ongeramo epoxy resin hagati yumurongo nuwagurishije padi.Bikize mbere yo gukomeza inzira yo kugurisha.
Shenzhen ANKE PCB Co, LTD
2023-7-20
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-21-2023
