Gukora ibibazo no gusanaPCBirashobora kwagura ubuzima bwumuzunguruko. Niba PCB idakwiye yahuye nazo mugihe cyaInteko ya PCBInzira, Inama ya PCB irashobora gusanwa hashingiwe kumiterere yimikorere. Hano hari uburyo bwo gukemura no gusana PCB.
1. Uburyo bwo Gukora Igenzura ryiza kuri PCB mugihe cyainzira yo gukora?
Mubisanzwe, inganda za PCB zifite ibikoresho byihariye nibikoresho byingenzi bifasha kugenzura neza PCB muburyo bwose bwo gukora.
Ubugenzuzi bwa Aoi mu buryo bwikora scan kubice byabuze, ibigize ibice, nizindi ndyuburo kuri PCB. Aoi Ibikoresho byo Gukoresha Kamera kugirango ufate amashusho menshi ya PCB hanyuma uyigereranya nuburiri. Iyo bidahuye nibimenyeshwa, birashobora kwerekana amakosa ashoboka.
1.2. Kuguruka
Kwipimisha Pobabizamini bikoreshwa mukumenya imirongo ngufi kandi ifunguye, ibice bitari byo (ibintu na viodes hamwe na transistors), kandi inenge mukurinda kwa Diode. Uburyo butandukanye bwa PCB burashobora gukoreshwa mugukosora ikabutura nibice bigize igice.
Fct (ikizamini gikora) cyibanze cyane cyane kubizamini bya PCB. Ibipimo byo kwipimisha mubisanzwe bitangwa nabasovizi kandi birashobora kubamo ibizamini byoroshye. Rimwe na rimwe, software idasanzwe kandi protocole yuzuye irashobora gusabwa. Kwipimisha imikorere bisuzuma neza imikorere ya PCB mubihe byukuri byisi.
2. Impamvu zisanzwe zangiza PCB
Gusobanukirwa ibitera kunanirwa kwa PCB birashobora kugufasha kumenya vuba amakosa ya PCB. Hano hari amakosa asanzwe:
Kunanirwa kw'ibice: Gusimbuza ibice bifite inenge birashobora kwemerera umuzenguruko gukora neza.
Kwishyurwa: Nta micunga yubushyuhe, ibice bimwe bishobora gutwikwa.
Kwangirika kumubiri: Ibi biterwa ahanini no gufata nabi,
Kuganisha ku bice bigize ibice, ingingo zamazimbere, ibice byamazi mask, ibimenyetso, na padi.
Kwanduza: Niba PCB ihuye nibibazo bikaze, ibimenyetso nibindi bikoresho bigize umuringa birashobora gucyarwa.
3. Nigute ushobora gukemura amakosa ya PCB?
Urutonde rukurikira ni uburyo 8:
3-1. Sobanukirwa na Schematike yumuzunguruko
Hariho ibice byinshi kuri PCB, bifitanye isano binyuze mubice by'umuringa. Harimo amashanyarazi, ubutaka, n'ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Byongeye kandi, hari imizungutsi myinshi, nko muyunguruzi, gutesha agaciro ubushobozi, na ba kwiyeba. Gusobanukirwa ibi ni ngombwa mu gusana PCB.
Kumenya uko ukurikirana inzira iriho no gutandukanya ibice byamakosa bishingikiriza ku gusobanukirwaUmukino wumuzunguruko. Niba igishushanyo kidashobora kuboneka, birashobora gukenerwa guhindura injeniyeri plamate ishingiye kumiterere ya PCB.
3-2. Kugenzura
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, kwishyurwa ni kimwe mu mpamvu zitera amakosa ya PCB. Ibigize byose byatwitse, ibimenyetso, cyangwa impapuro zamazimbere birashobora kumenyekana byoroshye mugihe nta kwinjiza imbaraga. Ingero zimwe z'inzego zirimo:
- Guhunika / guhuzagurika / kubura ibice
- ibimenyetso bigezweho
- Uruhushya rukonje
- umusirikare urenze
- Ibikoresho by'imvumba
- kuzamura / kubura udupapuro
- Guhagarika kuri PCB
Ibi byose birashobora kugaragara binyuze mubugenzuzi bugaragara.
3-3. Gereranya na PCB isa
Niba ufite indi pcb imwe hamwe nimikorere imwe kandi nibindi bintu bidakwiye, biragenda byoroshye. Urashobora kugereranya isura yibigize, ubudahangarwa, nindyunguruzo muri kantu cyangwa vias. Byongeye kandi, urashobora gukoresha ibitsina kugirango ugenzure ibitekerezo nibisohoka bisomwa kuburiri byombi. Indangagaciro zisa zigomba kuboneka kuva PCB ebyiri zisa.
3-4. Gutandukanya ibice byabo
Iyo ubugenzuzi bugaragara budahagije, urashobora kwishingikiriza kubikoresho nkibindi byinshi cyangwa anMetero ya LCR. Gerageza buri kintu gishingiye kugiti cye gishingiye kuri datashede no gushushanya ibisabwa. Ingero zirimo abaturuka, ubushobozi, amavuriro, diode, abasemuzi, na LED.
Kurugero, urashobora gukoresha diode ya diode kuri mumiyoboro yo kugenzura ibintu na viode. Urufatiro-rusekuru hamwe n'amasosiyete ya Emitters ase. Kubishushanyo byumuzunguruko byumuzunguruko, urashobora kugenzura imirongo ifunguye kandi ngufi muburyo bwose. Gusa shiraho metero kugirango urwane cyangwa ubutumire kandi ukomeze kugerageza buri kintu.
Mugihe ukora cheque, niba ibyasomwe biri mubisobanuro, ibice bifatwa nkibikorwa neza. Niba ibyasomwe bidasanzwe cyangwa birenga nkuko byari byitezwe, hashobora kubaho ibibazo kubigize cyangwa impapuro zingingo. Gusobanukirwa voltage iteganijwe mubizamini birashobora gufasha musesengura ryumuzunguruko.
Ubundi buryo bwo gusuzuma ibice ni mu isesengura rya Nodal. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo gukoresha voltage kubice byatoranijwe mugihe bidatanga umusaruro wose no gupima ibisubizo bya voltage (v-igisubizo). Menya imitwe yose hanyuma uhitemo ibisobanuro bihujwe nibice byingenzi cyangwa isoko. Koresha amategeko ya Kirchhoff muri Kirchhoff (KCL) kugirango ubaze voltage utazwi (impinduka) hanyuma urebe niba izi ndangagaciro zihuye nabateganijwe. Niba hari ibibazo byagaragaye kuri node runaka, byerekana amakosa kuri iyo node.
3-5.Kwipimisha imirongo ihuriweho
Kwipimisha imirongo ihuriweho birashobora kuba umurimo munini kubera ibintu bigoye. Hano hari ibizamini bimwe bishobora gukorwa:
- Menya ibimenyetso byose hanyuma ugerageze IC ukoresheje isesengura ryumvikana cyangwa anoscilloscope.
- Reba niba IC Imwe ireba neza.
- Menya neza ko ingingo zose zamazi zihujwe na IC ziri mubuzima bwiza.
- Suzuma imiterere yubushyuhe ubwo aribwo bwose cyangwa ibipapuro byijimye bihujwe na IC kugirango birebye neza.
3-6. Kwipimisha amashanyarazi
Gukemura ibibazo byo gutanga amashanyarazi, birakenewe gupima voltage ya gari ya moshi. Gusoma kuri voltmeter birashobora kwerekana ibyinjijwe no gusohoka indangagaciro. Impinduka muri voltage irashobora kwerekana ibibazo byumuzunguruko. Kurugero, gusoma 0v kuri gari ya moshi birashobora kwerekana umuzenguruko mugufi mumashanyarazi, biganisha ku bigize kwishyurwa. Mugukora ibizamini byubunyangamugayo no kugereranya indangagaciro ziteganijwe kubipimo nyabyo, ibikoresho byimbaraga zitera bishobora kwigunga.
3-7. Kumenya Amazu y'Umuzunguruko
Iyo inenge zigaragara zidashobora kuboneka, kugenzura umubiri binyuze mu gutera inshinge zubutegetsi zirashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma umuzenguruko. Ihuza ritari ryo rishobora kubyara ubushyuhe, bushobora kumvikana ushyira ikiganza ku kibaho cy'umuzunguruko. Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha kamera yubushyuhe, akenshi ikundwa kubushake bwa voltage. Hagomba gufatwa ingamba z'umutekano zikenewe kugirango wirinde impanuka z'amashanyarazi.
Uburyo bumwe nukureba ko ukoresha ikiganza kimwe gusa cyo kwipimisha. Niba ahantu hashyushye hagaragaye, bigomba gukonjeshwa, hanyuma ingingo zose zihuza zigomba kugenzurwa kugirango umenye aho ikibazo kiri.
3-8. Gukemura ibibazo hamwe nubuhanga bwo gushakisha ibimenyetso
Gukoresha ubu buhanga, ni ngombwa kugira ngo usobanukirwe n'indangagaciro ziteganijwe na waveforms ku ngingo z'ibizamini. Kwipimisha voltage birashobora gukorwa ku ngingo zitandukanye ukoresheje byinshi, oscilloscope, cyangwa igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose cyo gufata. Gusesengura ibisubizo birashobora gufasha mugutandukanya amakosa.
4. Ibikoresho bikeneweGusana PCB
Mbere yo gukora gusana, ni ngombwa kwegeranya ibikoresho bikenewe ku kazi, nk'uko bivuga ngo, 'icyuma kijimye ntikizatema inkwi.'
● Akazi kakozwe na esd uhagaze, amasogisi, no kumurika ni ngombwa.
● Kugabanya incamake zubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwa infrad cyangwa abahatsinga birashobora gusabwa kubahiriza ikibaho cyumuzunguruko.
Sisitemu yo gucukura neza irakenewe kugirango ushireho no gufungura umwobo mugihe cyo gusana. Sisitemu yemerera kugenzura diameter hamwe nuburebure bwibirimo.
Icyuma cyiza cyo kugurisha kirakenewe kugirango abagurisha kugirango babone ingingo zikwiye.
● Byongeye kandi, hashobora no gukenerwa nabyo.
● Niba umusirikare mask layer yangiritse, bizakenera gusanwa. Mu bihe nk'ibi, urwego rwa Epoxy rurubira.
5. Inganda z'umutekano mugihe cya PCB
Ni ngombwa gufata ingamba zo gukumira kugirango wirinde impanuka z'umutekano mugihe cyo gusana.
. Ibikoresho byo kurinda: Mugihe uhanganye n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa imbaraga nyinshi, wambaye ibikoresho byo gukingira ni ngombwa. Ibirahure na gants zumutekano bigomba kwambarwa mugihe cyo kugurisha no gucukura, kurinda ingaruka zishobora guteza imiti.
Kwambara gants mugihe cyo gusana PCB.
Gusohora bya electrostatike (Esd): Kurinda guhangayikishwa n'amashanyarazi biterwa na ESD, menya neza ko ucomeka isoko no gusohoza amashanyarazi yose. Urashobora kandi kwambara gutondeka cyangwa gukoresha amata ya anti-static kugirango ugabanye ibyago bya ESD.
6. Nigute wasana PCB?
Amakosa asanzwe muri PCB akenshi ikubiyemo inenge muri kantu, ibice, hamwe nabacuruzi.
6-1. Gusana ibimenyetso byangiritse
Gusana ibimenyetso bimenetse cyangwa byangiritse kuri PCB, koresha ikintu gityaye kugirango ushire ahagaragara ubuso bwigice cyumwimerere kandi ukureho mask yumucuruzi. Sukura hejuru yumuringa ufite igisubizo kugirango ukuremo imyanda, ifasha kugera kumashanyarazi meza.
Ubundi, urashobora kugurisha abagurisha insinga kugirango basane ibimenyetso. Menya neza ko diameter ihuye nubugari bwubwikorezi bukwiye.
Gusimbuza ibice byangiritse
Kugirango ukureho ibice bidakwiye cyangwa umunyamaguru ukabije kumuryango uhuza, birakenewe gushonga, ariko kwitonda bigomba gufatwa kugirango wirinde kubyara imiti yubuso. Gukurikira intambwe zikurikira kugirango usimbuze ibice mumuzunguruko:
Shyushya abacuruzi bakoresheje vuba ukoresheje ibyuma byo kugurisha cyangwa gukuraho ibikoresho.
● Umusirikare asanzwe ashonga, koresha pompe yoroheje kugirango ukureho amazi.
● Nyuma yo gukuraho amasano yose, ibice bizatandukana.
● Ibikurikira, guteranya igice gishya n'umugurisha.
● Gerageza uburebure burenze ibice biganisha ku gutesha insinga.
● Menya neza ko imitwe ifitanye isano ukurikije polarity isasabwa.
6-3. Gusana umusirikare wangiritse
Hamwe nigihe cyimuka kuri, abanyamaguru kuri PCB barashobora kuzamura, corode, cyangwa kuruhuka. Dore uburyo bwo gusana umusirikare wangiritse:
Yazamuye abaguru: Sukura akarere hamwe no gushushanya ukoresheje ipamba. Guhuza pad inyuma, shyiramo epoxy igendanwa kumugurisha hanyuma ukande hasi, wemerera epoxy resin kugirango ukomeze na gahunda yo kugurisha.
Amashanyarazi yangiritse cyangwa yanduye: Kuraho cyangwa kugabanya umusirikare wangiritse, ugaragaza ibimenyetso bihujwe no gukuraho mask yumugurisha hafi ya padi. Sukura akarere hamwe no gushushanya ukoresheje ipamba. Ku basirikare bashya padi (bahujwe na trace), shyiramo urwego rwa epoxy igenda kandi uyirebe. Ibikurikira, ongeramo epoxy resin hagati ya trase numucuruzi padi. Mukize mbere yo gukomeza inzira yo kugurisha.
Shenzhen Anke PCB Co, ltd
2023-7-20
Igihe cya nyuma: Jul-21-2023
